Lossless compression algorithms

• Burrows-Wheeler transform: preprocessing useful for improving lossless compression
• Context tree weighting
• Delta encoding: aid to compression of data in which sequential data occurs frequently
• Dynamic Markov compression: Compression using predictive arithmetic coding
• Dictionary coders
  • Byte pair encoding (BPE)
  • Deflate
  • Lempel–Ziv
    • LZ77 and LZ78
    • Lempel–Ziv Jeff Bonwick (LZJB)
    • Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm (LZMA)
    • Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer (LZO): speed oriented
    • Lempel–Ziv–Stac (LZS)
    • Lempel–Ziv–Storer–Szymanski (LZSS)
    • Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW)
    • LZWL: syllable-based variant
    • LZX
    • Lempel–Ziv Ross Williams (LZRW)
• Entropy encoding: coding scheme that assigns codes to symbols so as to match code lengths with the probabilities of the symbols
  • Arithmetic coding: advanced entropy coding
    • Range encoding: same as arithmetic coding, but looked at in a slightly different way
  • Huffman coding: simple lossless compression taking advantage of relative character frequencies
    • Adaptive Huffman coding: adaptive coding technique based on Huffman coding
    • Package-merge algorithm: Optimizes Huffman coding subject to a length restriction on code strings
  • Shannon–Fano coding
  • Shannon–Fano–Elias coding: precursor to arithmetic encoding^[1]
• Entropy coding with known entropy characteristics
  • Golomb coding: form of entropy coding that is optimal for alphabets following geometric distributions
  • Rice coding: form of entropy coding that is optimal for alphabets following geometric distributions
  • Truncated binary encoding
  • Unary coding: code that represents a number n with n ones followed by a zero
  • Universal codes: encodes positive integers into binary code words
    • Elias delta, gamma, and omega coding
    • Exponential-Golomb coding
    • Fibonacci coding
    • Levenshtein coding
• Fast Efficient & Lossless Image Compression System (FELICS): a lossless image compression algorithm
• Incremental encoding: delta encoding applied to sequences of strings
• Prediction by partial matching (PPM): an adaptive statistical data compression technique based on context modeling and prediction
• Run-length encoding: lossless data compression taking advantage of strings of repeated characters
• SEQUITUR algorithm: lossless compression by incremental grammar inference on a string

Lossy compression algorithms

• 3Dc: a lossy data compression algorithm for normal maps
• Audio and Speech compression
  • A-law algorithm: standard companding algorithm
  • Code-excited linear prediction (CELP): low bit-rate speech compression
  • Linear predictive coding (LPC): lossy compression by representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form
  • Mu-law algorithm: standard analog signal compression or companding algorithm
  • Warped Linear Predictive Coding (WLPC)
• Image compression
  • Block Truncation Coding (BTC): a type of lossy image compression technique for greyscale images
  • Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW)
  • Fast Cosine Transform algorithms (FCT algorithms): computes Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) efficiently
  • Fractal compression: method used to compress images using fractals
  • Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT)
  • Wavelet compression: form of data compression well suited for image compression (sometimes also video compression and audio compression)
• Transform coding: type of data compression for "natural" data like audio signals or photographic images
• Video compression
• Vector quantization: technique often used in lossy data compression